فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مشهد
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، پاییز 1388)

The aim of this study is to determine some of the maternal risk factors that lead to preterm delivery. Recognizing these risk factors makes it possible to prevent preterm labors as the most frequent cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. This is a descriptive-analytical research study. The data were collected from the recorded information in the files of mothers and preterm neonates that had been born in Bahman 22nd and Shahrivar 17th Hospitals in Mashhad during 2007-2009. The case group consists of 360 preterm deliveries (before week 37th of gestation). The control group consists of 360 term deliveries (after week 37th of gestation). In this study، some of the maternal risk factors leading to preterm labor were taken into consideration. The criteria selected were: maternity age، previous abortions، number of previous pregnancies، preeclampsia، the number and gender of fetuses، diabetes and bacterial vaginitis. Also، UTI، the premature rupture of membrane (PROM) was extracted from the registration records. Using SPSS، the two groups were compared and the data were analyzed with the method of chi- square test. In this study، the prevalence rate of preterm labor was estimated as 6. 1%. The findings suggest that maternal risk factors، such as diabetes، UTI، maternity age، the number of previous pregnancies and the gender of fetus did not cause any significant difference between the groups of the study، but we found significant p-value for the risk factors، such as bacterial vaginitis، PROM، preeclampsia، previous abortions، and the number of fetuses. We can reduce the incidence of preterm labor as a result of which the rate of morbidity and mortality of preterm neonates would decrease. This can be materialize through early diagnosis and treatment of maternal genitourinary infections، prevention of premature rupture (PROM) and preeclampsia as well as preventing repeated abortions and iatrogenic multiple gestation with induction of ovulation.

The aim of this study is to determine some of the maternal risk factors that lead to preterm delivery. Recognizing these risk factors makes it possible to prevent preterm labors as the most frequent cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. This is a descriptive-analytical research study. The data were collected from the recorded information in the files of mothers and preterm neonates that had been born in Bahman 22nd and Shahrivar 17th Hospitals in Mashhad during 2007-2009. The case group consists of 360 preterm deliveries (before week 37th of gestation). The control group consists of 360 term deliveries (after week 37th of gestation). In this study، some of the maternal risk factors leading to preterm labor were taken into consideration. The criteria selected were: maternity age، previous abortions، number of previous pregnancies، preeclampsia، the number and gender of fetuses، diabetes and bacterial vaginitis. Also، UTI، the premature rupture of membrane (PROM) was extracted from the registration records. Using SPSS، the two groups were compared and the data were analyzed with the method of chi- square test. In this study، the prevalence rate of preterm labor was estimated as 6. 1%. The findings suggest that maternal risk factors، such as diabetes، UTI، maternity age، the number of previous pregnancies and the gender of fetus did not cause any significant difference between the groups of the study، but we found significant p-value for the risk factors، such as bacterial vaginitis، PROM، preeclampsia، previous abortions، and the number of fetuses. We can reduce the incidence of preterm labor as a result of which the rate of morbidity and mortality of preterm neonates would decrease. This can be materialize through early diagnosis and treatment of maternal genitourinary infections، prevention of premature rupture (PROM) and preeclampsia as well as preventing repeated abortions and iatrogenic multiple gestation with induction of ovulation.

Neurolinguistics is the science concerned with the neural mechanisms underlying the comprehension، production and abstract knowledge of language. Studies on language and communication Impairments after brain damage are perhaps the most common studies of this discipline. This study is concerned with the conversational cohesion patterns used by normal age Persian natives (NA) and those suffering from Alzheimer\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s disease (AD). Six Alzheimer\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s patients participated in the research. The participants were matched for age، sex، and education to make six control subjects. Three main tasks were used to assess the impairments of cohesive ties in their discourse: One task of spontaneous speech and two tasks of picture description. NA subjects produced 2. 27% structural cohesion ties in 443 sentences while AD subjects used 1. 89% of these devices in 235 produced sentences. NA subjects produced. 01% of structural cohesive errors whereas AD subjects made 1% errors، especially “exophoric referent errors”، while doing the tasks. As for lexical ties، ADs produced more repetitions (17%) than NAs (10%). The results reveal a significantly greater use of cohesion errors by AD subjects than NAs. The occurrence of cohesive errors alone isn’t a differential diagnosis of such a disease; however، such investigations could provide information for studies on neurological disorders and linguistic theories

Idiopathic infertility is the most common cause of infertility among the males who are usually treated empirically. Two new drugs used in empirical therapy are: Pentoxifylline and L- Carnitine. However، there is no comparison study about their effects. This study aims at comparing the therapeutic effects of Pentoxifylline and L- Carnitine in infertile male patients with Idiopathic Asthenospermia. This clinical trial study was performed on 38 patients with Idiopathic Asthenospermia during the years of 1385-86 in Mashhad، Iran. In addition to filling out the questionnaire based on demographic data، Spermogram test and analysis were administered during a three- month period. Nineteen male patients were treated with L-Carnitine in 3 months. In 5 cases، the wives (26. 3%) got pregnant، but no significant difference was observed the spermogram parameters of the male subjects. On the other hand، in the group treated with Pentoxifylline، the wives of 10 subjects (52. 6%) got pregnant and the analysis of the males’ spermograms after the medical therapy revealed significant difference in density parameters as follows: Motility (P=0. 011); Spermotility (P=0. 0001); Motility Index (P=0. 0001). Pentoxifylline showed more promising results for the treatment of male idiopathic infertility.

Spinal Analgesia with Opioids is the most effective way for reducing labor Pain. Sufentanil، a Lipophilic Opioid، has the pain-reducing power of 500-1000 times more than Morphine. This study intends to evaluate the effect of Sufentanil in reducing labor pain as well as its effect on normal delivery (ND) and new-born fetal during the process of spinal analgesia. This is a prospective، randomized study of the type of single blinded control-trial design which was carried out on 100 pregnant women with ASA class 1&2 who were candidate for normal delivery. Using accessible method of sampling، criteria for including and excluding samples were established and ethic principles were observed. The participants were divided into two groups of 50 persons. One group (case) received spinal analgesia of 7. 5 mcg Sufentanil while the second group (control) did not use any kind of Opioid drugs. The data gathered about Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure، pulse rate، SPO2، cervix dilatation، effacement and fetal heart rate were recorded in a questionnaire. Pain rates were assessed with VAS. Spinal analgesia for the case group was done with spinal needle No: 27، labeled Dr j using paramedian approach based on sterilized condition. After the deliveries، an intern، under the supervision of a gynecologist، recorded the Apgar every one and every five minutes. Finally، conclusions were made by comparing the statistical results. There weren\'t any significant differences in age، weight، ASA and education between the two groups of the study. Also، the findings suggest no significant difference between the two groups in Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure، SPO2 and FHR Itching occurred in the upper chest and abdomen of the case group shortly after injecting spinal Sufentanil. However، it was over in 20-30 minutes. There was a significant difference in the rate of pain between the two groups. In the case group، 80% expressed mild pain while the control group reported 8% mild pain and 52% of severe pain. There weren’t any significant differences between the case and control groups in terms of duration of labor and cesarean section. Conclusion Spinal analgesia with 7. 5 mcg sufentanil provides appropriate analgesia without any considerable side effect for women who apply for ND.

Cefixime is an antimicrobial agent which is prescribed by many physicians. This drug has widespread reaction against various pathogens، especially gram-negative organisms. Regarding the side effects of some of these antibiotics on rat reproductive system، the aim of this study is to determine the effects of Cefixime on pituitary-gonadal hormones، gonadotropins and the morphology of adult male mice. Eighteen male mice (ages: 12-16 weeks; weight: 35±5 grms). were divided to three groups، including control، sham and experience. The experience group received Cefixime (0. 5 grm/kg) during 10 days while the sham group received Solvent Dimethyl Solfoxide (DMSO) (7c. c/kg). At the end of the study، titre of hormones was measured by ratio using Immuno Assay (RIA) methods. The morphological criteria of testis (volume، length، weight) were measured، too. The difference of FSH hormones between the control and experience groups was significant (P<0. 05). Also، DHEA hormone differences between sham & experience groups was significant (P<0. 05). No significant differences were found between the groups of study in testis morphological assays and testostron. Regarding physiological role of sertoli cells during spermatogenesis، reduction of FSH hormone may effect on sperm production and reproductive potentials of male mice. Significant reduction of DHEA hormone between sham and experience groups may be due to probable mistakes or the effects of Solvent drugs، DMSO.

Tonsillectomy is one of the most common operations in Pediatrics. Nausea and Vomiting are common complications after the surgery which may cause some serious problems. We evaluated the effects of single dose intravenous Dexamethason on reducing post operative Nausea and Vomiting in 162 patients who referred to ENT department of Aria and Bahman 22nd Hospitals. In this prospective randomized study with a double blind placebo-controlled design، the patients were compared for the possible effects of Dexamethason. General anesthesia was intravenously induced using sodium thiopental، atracurium and fentanyl followed by halothane، N2O and O2 for maintenance. Intravenous Dexamethason (0. 5 mg/kg) was infused before the induction. The incidences of post operative Nausea and Vomiting as well as normal oral intake in the study group were compared with those in the saline group. The collected information was then analyzed by running a chi-square test، using SPSS. The incidence of Nausea and Vomiting was significantly less frequent in the group who received Dexamethason، as compared with the saline group (P=0. 039). Also، the case group started oral intake earlier than the control group. In addition، this study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the duration of surgery and recovery. According to our results، intravenous Dexamethason was effective on Nausea and Vomiting in patients after Adenotonsillectomy.